‘Quantum Cryptography’ could Send World’s Most Secure Messages
September 17th, 2008New experiments using
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle extend the range of quantum cryptography, an advanced method of communicating in unbreakable code.
QC systems send information in the form of a specially prepared stream of photons representing 0s and 1s. If anyone tries to eavesdrop, he unintentionallly alters the photons being transmitted, and the rightful recipient is able to detect the tampering. As a final layer of security, the beam of photons doesn’t encode the actual secret message, it just contains an encryption key. So if part of the key is intercepted, the sender and recipient detect the altered photons and discard that part of the key. Once they’ve transmitted enough photons, the shared key is used to encrypt the message, which can be sent over public communication lines. But the photon key has to arrive reliably at its destination.
Quantum key encryption is one promising method of securing communication, especially if it can be transmitted by satellites. Scientists at an Italian observatory this year succeeded in firing lasers at the mirror-covered Ajisai Japanese satellite, proving that a sequence of photons can travel great distances through space. The laser pulsed photons at the satellite at 17,000 times per second; a fraction bounced back to a telescope at the observatory. On Earth, the longest successful quantum encryption link has been just under 100 miles because the photons scatter as they travel through the air. To reach the satellite, the photons only had to travel through 5 miles of atmosphere during their 1000-mile journey, allowing the sequence to arrive in order.
There have been several recent breakthroughs in quantum cryptography. In August, a team of researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) took the stage at Caesar’s Palace in Las Vegas for a demonstration of its quantum cryptography system at the notorious Black Hat information security conference. Using a laser to send the encryption key across the room, they streamed perfectly secure live video at 300,000 bits per second—as good as YouTube. “That’s about two orders of magnitude faster than any other system for quantum key distribution,” says NIST engineer Alan Mink. At the same conference, researchers from the University of Singapore demonstrated a system using pairs of “entangled” photons. Entanglement is a mind-bending feature of quantum mechanics that can allow the physical properties of two particles to be intimately linked even if they’re separated by a great distance. This provides an ideal way for a third party—a satellite, for instance—to distribute a perfectly secure key to two parties who wish to exchange a message, no matter where they’re located. [PopularMechanics]
size, full featured PC with a sliding 5 inch (127mm) WVGA LCD screen. Ergonomically designed for usability on the go, the model e2 features an integrated backlit thumb keyboard, track stick, and capacitive TouchScrollers™.
an easy solution for sharing USB devices.
« Previous Entries